Math

Numerical:

1. Summation (wiki)
2. Variance (wiki)
3. Determinant – Bareiss algorithm (wiki)
4. Quadratic Formula (wiki)
5. Approximate Square Root (wiki)
6. Approximate Inverse Square Root (wiki)
7. Length of the Hypotenuse
8. Given Rotations
9. Triangle Area
10. Ackermann Function
11. Nth root
12. Find the n-th digit of Champernowne constant

Number Theory:

1. Enumerate Primitive Pythagorean Triple
2. Period of Repetend
3. Multiple Variable Extended GCD (Blankinship Algorithm)

Generation:

1. Composition Generation
2. Set Partition Generation

Sample:

1. Random Permutation (wiki)
2. Random Cycle (wiki)
3. Reservoir Sampling (wiki)
4. Weighted Sampling with Replacement
5. Sampling Ordered Numbers
6. Sampling Points in a Disk
7. Sampling Points in a Triangle
8. Sampling Points on a Sphere
9. Low-discrepancy Sequence
10. Generating Random Factored Numbers
11. Sample Derangement